# \u5927\u767d\u8bdd\u89e3\u8bfb\u7ecf\u5178\uff1a\u300a\u7a00\u7f3a\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u9677\u5165\u8d2b\u7a77\u4e0e\u5fd9\u788c\u7684\u300b<\/p>\n
**\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u585e\u5fb7\u5e0c\u5c14\u00b7\u7a46\u6765\u7eb3\u68ee\uff08Sendhil Mullainathan\uff09 \/ \u57c3\u5c14\u8fbe\u00b7\u6c99\u83f2\u5c14\uff08Eldar Shafir\uff09**<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a77\u4eba\u597d\u50cf\u603b\u662f\u6446\u8131\u4e0d\u4e86\u8d2b\u7a77\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7ed9\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u94b1\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u53c8\u4f1a\u53d8\u7a77\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f88\u5fd9\u7684\u4eba\u603b\u662f\u5728\u8d76\u622a\u6b62\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u8d8a\u5fd9\u8d8a\u4e71\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u6ca1\u6709\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\u5598\u53e3\u6c14\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u7a77\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u52aa\u529b\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5e38\u8bc6\uff1b\u5fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u61c2\u5f97\u65f6\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u300a\u7a00\u7f3a\u300b\u98a0\u8986\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff1a**\u8ba9\u4f60\u9677\u5165\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u201c\u5927\u8111\u201d\u88ab\u69a8\u5e72\u4e86\u3002**<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7528\u5927\u767d\u8bdd\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u7ed9\u4f60\u6252\u5f00\u201c\u8d2b\u7a77\u548c\u5fd9\u788c\u201d\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
### \u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u4f60\u7684\u5927\u8111\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u88ab\u201c\u7a00\u7f3a\u201d\u7ed1\u67b6\u7684\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6838\u5fc3\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u5730\u6c14\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5168\u4e66\u7684\u7075\u9b42\uff1a<\/p>\n
**1. \u7ba1\u7aa5\u6548\u5e94\uff08\u53ea\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u6839\u7ba1\u5b50\u770b\u4e16\u754c\uff09**
\n\u5f53\u4f60\u6781\u5ea6\u7f3a\u94b1\u6216\u8005\u6781\u5ea6\u7f3a\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4f1a\u88ab\u8fd9\u4ef6\u7d27\u8feb\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u201c\u6b7b\u6b7b\u5438\u4f4f\u201d\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u6839\u7ec6\u7ba1\u5b50\u770b\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u7ba1\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\uff0c\u7ba1\u5b50\u5916\u9762\u7684\u5e7f\u9614\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4f60\u5168\u778e\u4e86\u3002
\n– **\u7f3a\u94b1\u7684\u4eba**\uff1a\u6ee1\u8111\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u4eca\u5929\u623f\u79df\u600e\u4e48\u4ea4\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8d85\u5e02\u54ea\u4e2a\u6253\u6298\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6839\u672c\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u63d0\u5347\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7406\u8d22\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ba1\u5b50\u5916\u9762\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002
\n– **\u7f3a\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4eba**\uff1a\u6ee1\u8111\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u4e0b\u5348\u90a3\u4e2aPPT\u8fd8\u6ca1\u4ea4\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6839\u672c\u987e\u4e0d\u4e0a\u601d\u8003\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5927\u65b9\u5411\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5bf9\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8eab\u4f53\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5403\u4e0d\u6d88\u4e86\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
**2. \u5e26\u5bbd\u88ab\u5360\u7528\uff08\u4f60\u7684\u8111\u529b\u5185\u5b58\u7206\u6ee1\u4e86\uff09**
\n\u201c\u5e26\u5bbd\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u5904\u4e8e\u201c\u7a00\u7f3a\u201d\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u7ba1\u5b50\u201d\u91cc\u7684\u90a3\u70b9\u4e8b\u513f\u4f1a\u50cf\u6d41\u6c13\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u75af\u72c2\u5360\u7528\u4f60\u7684\u5927\u8111\u5185\u5b58\uff08\u5e26\u5bbd\uff09\u3002
\n\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u4f60\u7684\u667a\u5546\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u529b\u4f1a\u77ac\u95f4\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u4e66\u91cc\u6709\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5f53\u7a77\u4eba\u88ab\u63d0\u9192\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u4e00\u5927\u7b14\u4fee\u8f66\u8d39\u8981\u4ed8\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u505a\u667a\u5546\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u5206\u6570\u4f1a\u66b4\u8dcc\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e00\u665a\u4e0a\u6ca1\u7761\u89c9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u559d\u9189\u4e86\u9152\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002
\n\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7a77\u4eba\u7ecf\u5e38\u505a\u51fa\u8ba9\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u201c\u4e0d\u7406\u667a\u201d\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u53bb\u501f\u9ad8\u5229\u8d37\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7b28\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u8111\u7684\u201c\u5185\u5b58\u201d\u5168\u88ab\u7126\u8651\u5360\u6ee1\u4e86\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u5361\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
### \u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7a00\u7f3a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u9020\u5c31\u201c\u7a77\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5fd9\u201d\u7684\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u4f60\u5e26\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5185\u5b58\u7206\u6ee1\u3001\u89c6\u91ce\u72ed\u7a84\u201d\u7684\u5927\u8111\u53bb\u751f\u6d3b\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n
**1. \u75af\u72c2\u5730\u201c\u501f\u7528\u201d\uff08\u62c6\u4e1c\u5899\u8865\u897f\u5899\uff09**
\n\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u773c\u91cc\u53ea\u6709\u773c\u524d\u7684\u5371\u673a\uff08\u7ba1\u7aa5\uff09\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e0d\u987e\u4e00\u5207\u5730\u53bb\u641e\u5b9a\u773c\u524d\u7684\u4e8b\u3002
\n– \u6ca1\u94b1\u4e86\uff1f\u53bb\u501f\u9ad8\u5229\u8d37\u3001\u5237\u7206\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\uff08\u900f\u652f\u672a\u6765\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\uff09\u3002
\n– \u6ca1\u65f6\u95f4\u4e86\uff1f\u71ac\u591c\u8d76\u5de5\u3001\u63a8\u8fdf\u966a\u4f34\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u900f\u652f\u672a\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\uff09\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u4f60\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u6316\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5751\u3002\u7b49\u5230\u4e86\u660e\u5929\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u8fd8\u7684\u94b1\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u8865\u7684\u89c9\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u4f60\u53d8\u5f97\u6bd4\u6628\u5929\u66f4\u201c\u7a00\u7f3a\u201d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
**2. \u5b8c\u5168\u5ffd\u89c6\u201c\u91cd\u8981\u4f46\u4e0d\u7d27\u6025\u201d\u7684\u4e8b**
\n\u5728\u7a00\u7f3a\u5fc3\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u4f1a\u50cf\u6d88\u9632\u5458\u4e00\u6837\u5230\u5904\u201c\u6551\u706b\u201d\uff0c\u54ea\u4e2a\u4e8b\u60c5\u6025\uff0c\u5c31\u53bb\u6251\u706d\u54ea\u4e2a\u3002
\n\u7a77\u4eba\u987e\u4e0d\u4e0a\u4e70\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u9669\uff08\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u573a\u75c5\u5f7b\u5e95\u7834\u4ea7\uff09\uff0c\u5fd9\u4eba\u987e\u4e0d\u4e0a\u953b\u70bc\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff08\u7ed3\u679c\u8eab\u4f53\u57ae\u4e86\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u90fd\u5728\u7ba1\u5b50\u5916\u9762\uff0c\u4f60\u6839\u672c\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u672a\u6765\u538b\u6b7b\u9a86\u9a7c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6839\u7a3b\u8349\u3002<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
### \u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u600e\u4e48\u8df3\u51fa\u201c\u7a00\u7f3a\u201d\u7684\u6ce5\u5751\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u4f5c\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u77e5\u9053\u7a77\u548c\u5fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u8111\u88ab\u5361\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u81ea\u6551\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
**1. \u5236\u9020\u201c\u4f59\u95f2\u201d\uff08\u7559\u767d\uff09**
\n\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u662f\u5b89\u6392\u94b1\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5b89\u6392\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5343\u4e07\u3001\u5343\u4e07\u3001\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u5b89\u6392\u5f97\u592a\u6ee1\uff01
\n– \u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u4e00\u59298\u5c0f\u65f6\u6392\u5f97\u6ee1\u6ee1\u5f53\u5f53\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7559\u51fa1-2\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u201c\u7a7a\u95f2\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u65e6\u6709\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u8001\u677f\u7a81\u7136\u63d2\u4e2a\u6d3b\uff09\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u80fd\u4ece\u5bb9\u5e94\u5bf9\uff0c\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u6389\u8fdb\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u7a00\u7f3a\u201d\u7684\u9677\u9631\u91cc\u53bb\u501f\u7528\u660e\u5929\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\u3002
\n– \u8d22\u52a1\u4e0a\u66f4\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u7b14\u5e73\u65f6\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u78b0\u7684\u201c\u5907\u7528\u91d1\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7406\u8d22\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed9\u4f60\u5927\u8111\u7559\u51fa\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u201c\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u7834\u8d22\u7684\u4e8b\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u77ac\u95f4\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n
**2. \u8282\u7ea6\u4f60\u7684\u201c\u5e26\u5bbd\u201d**
\n\u65e2\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7a00\u7f3a\u65f6\u5bb9\u6613\u505a\u51fa\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002
\n\u628a\u90a3\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6708\u5de5\u8d44\u4e00\u53d1\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u6263\u9664\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5b58\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u610f\u5fd7\u529b\u201d\u53bb\u5b58\u94b1\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u4f60\u56e0\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5fd9\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u7d2f\u800c\u5e26\u5bbd\u4e0d\u8db3\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u529b\u662f\u96f6\u3002<\/p>\n
**3. \u5728\u5e26\u5bbd\u6700\u5145\u88d5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u505a\u91cd\u8981\u51b3\u5b9a**
\n\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u4f60\u4e00\u5929\u4e2d\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u8111\u5b50\u6700\u6e05\u9192\uff08\u5e26\u5bbd\u6700\u5bbd\uff09\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7528\u6765\u5904\u7406\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6216\u8005\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5237\u77ed\u89c6\u9891\u6216\u8005\u56de\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
**\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a**
\n\u522b\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u903c\u5f97\u592a\u7d27\u3002\u7a77\u548c\u5fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5ba2\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f1a\u4f20\u67d3\u3001\u4f1a\u6076\u5316\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u75be\u75c5\u3002**\u7ed9\u751f\u6d3b\u7559\u70b9\u7f1d\u9699\uff0c\u9633\u5149\u624d\u80fd\u7167\u5f97\u8fdb\u6765\uff1b\u7ed9\u5927\u8111\u7559\u70b9\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4f60\u624d\u80fd\u8dd1\u51fa\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af\u3002**<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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